The complete causes of the disorder are unknown, but there are some interrelated factors involved in its development:

• Nutritional deficiencies of iron or zinc.
• Sensory stimulation behaviors, such as reinforcement or pleasure derived from sensation , are frequently associated with developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, or intellectual disability. Difficulties in understanding and differentiating between edible and non-edible objects are also observed.
• A sociocultural and religious origin . In culture and religion, pica has been passed down from generation to generation in some places and cultures around the world as a medical-magical-religious practice. This behavior has been observed in African culture, among some indigenous tribes, in Latin America, and in Scandinavia, among others.