Deafness can have a significant impact on the cognitive development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), primarily through its effects on language acquisition. Language is a fundamental tool for the development of executive functions, including attention and self-regulation. Deaf children who experience language delays due to their hearing loss may have fewer internal resources to manage ADHD symptoms. On the other hand, ADHD symptoms, such as inattention and impulsivity, can further hinder language acquisition in deaf children, as they require a constant visual focus to learn sign language or consistent participation in auditory training to develop spoken language.

The combination of communication difficulties stemming from deafness and the behavioral dysregulation associated with ADHD can lead to increased frustration, disruptive behaviors, and social difficulties . Children with both conditions may also experience compound deficits in executive functions, affecting working memory, planning, and organization.