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- What do we understand by trauma?
- Are some people more prone to experiencing trauma?
- Is it possible to never overcome childhood trauma?
- How can I tell if I have trauma? Are there any symptoms that indicate it?
- Can experiencing a traumatic situation be a risk factor for developing physical or neurodegenerative diseases or mental disorders?
- Can traumas be inherited?
- Is professional help always needed to overcome trauma, or can support from one's environment be enough?
- How do we know when it's time to address trauma without retraumatizing the person?
- What is the best therapy to address post-traumatic stress?
- Can internal family systems therapy work for post-traumatic stress disorder?
- Is having one trauma addressed in the same way as having a series of traumas?
- How can I overcome a deeply buried trauma when the fear of confronting it is so great that it prevents me from even trying?
- Can sharing with other people who have gone through a traumatic situation help me?
- Are there different criteria for assessing trauma in people with autism and intellectual disability?
- Are there differences between traumas experienced in early childhood and those that occur in adulthood?
- Is there any way I can protect my daughter from complex situations becoming traumas?
- Should I explain the trauma I experienced to my children, or should I hide it?
- Can traumatic childhood experiences shape a person's identity and emotional responses?
- What is the relationship between childhood trauma and attachment style?
- Can having been bullied trigger trauma?
- Could an untreated trauma now limit my ability to be a mother?
- Can phobias be a consequence of trauma?
- What can I do to help a loved one who has experienced a traumatic situation?
- Is there any training available on how to address trauma for healthcare organizations and centers?
Can traumatic childhood experiences shape a person's identity and emotional responses?
Mar Álvarez Segura
TEVI (domestic violence witness) Psychiatrist at the Youth and Infant Mental Health Centre in Cornella
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona
Of course. Prolonged and repeated traumatic experiences lead to complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CTSD), which is characterized by the accumulation of adverse experiences over time, often of an interpersonal nature. CTSD is characterized by a symptomatic triad that includes:
- Alterations in affective regulation: manifested by difficulties in modulating intense emotions, episodes of dissociation, and disproportionate anger responses. (Van der Kolk, 2014).
- Distortions in self-image: feelings of shame, guilt, and a negative perception of oneself, which can lead to a fragmented or diffuse identity. (Courtois & Ford, 2009).
- Difficulties in interpersonal relationships: tendency towards social isolation, distrust of others and dysfunctional relational patterns that perpetuate cycles of victimization or dependence. (Cloitre et al., 2018).
These clinical manifestations reflect the deep and lasting impact of chronic traumatic situations, such as physical, emotional or sexual abuse during childhood, exposure to domestic violence or severe parental neglect.
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Mar Álvarez Segura
TEVI (domestic violence witness) Psychiatrist at the Youth and Infant Mental Health Centre in Cornella
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona
Dr. Alicia Álvarez García
Clinical and Research Director of the Trauma, Crisis and Conflict Unit of Barcelona (UTCCB)
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona