Types of sexual dysfunctions
Sexuality is a vast and complex field that has not been fully studied because it is a more or less taboo subject depending on the culture of each country.
The fact that it is not talked about makes it very difficult for people with sexual disorders to open up about it, or even to know that they are treatable.
These are dysfunctions that affect many people, but most don't even seek help for them. For example, consider this statistic: in the case of erectile dysfunction , 1 in 5 men over the age of 18 have this disorder, according to a study by AISD-AP at the Puerta de Hierro University Hospital in Majadahonda (Madrid), and it is estimated that by 2025 it will affect 322 million men worldwide.
Let's embark on an adventure together and learn more about sexual disorders. Let's start from the beginning.
What is a sexual dysfunction?
Sexual disorders encompass the set of physiological or psychological problems that prevent a person from maintaining a satisfactory sexual relationship.
When you can't enjoy a satisfying sex life, several areas of your life can be affected. What do we mean when we talk about not having a satisfying sex life? We're referring to a lack of desire, physical pain during sexual activity, the inability to reach orgasm, or problems with arousal. In these cases, self-esteem, relationships, and life in general can be affected, causing distress.
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What types of sexual dysfunctions exist?
There are several types of sexual dysfunctions, both male and female, that can affect anyone, regardless of age, but with a higher probability after a certain age.
We're going to talk about different sexual dysfunctions, with a brief explanation of each. We'll start with the classification of sexual dysfunctions found in the DSM-5, the diagnostic guide used by mental health professionals. It's important to clarify that we always refer to dysfunction here when it occurs persistently and recurrently .
- Delayed ejaculation
Also identified as "inhibited male orgasm" or "anejaculation" . It consists of the absence or delay of orgasm after a normal arousal phase (which varies from man to man depending on his age and the type and intensity of stimulation).
- Erectile disorder or erectile dysfunction
It refers to the inability to obtain or maintain an appropriate erection until the termination of sexual activity (it may occur during foreplay, penetration, or intercourse).
- Female orgasmic disorder
This refers to the inability to reach orgasm after a normal arousal phase (the type and intensity of stimulation that leads to orgasm varies from woman to woman).
- Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
When we talk about a disorder of interest, we are referring to a decrease or absence of the desire for sexual activity and fantasies.
Regarding arousal disorder, it refers to an inability to obtain or maintain the lubrication response characteristic of the arousal phase until the completion of sexual activity.
- Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
Vaginismus : This refers to the occurrence of involuntary spasms in the muscles of the outer third of the vagina. In other words, it is a fear of pain or a phobia of penetration.
Dyspareunia : refers to genital pain associated with sexual activities, whether in women or men, that is not due to an organic disease.
- Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in men
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), male hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is characterized by an individual's lack or low sexual desire, which causes significant distress.
- Premature ejaculation
Taking into account several factors that can influence the duration of the arousal phase, such as age, length of relationship with the partner, situation and frequency of sexual activity, we speak of premature ejaculation when it occurs in response to minimal sexual stimulation before, during or just after penetration and, above all, before the person desires it.
For example: in less than 1 minute, before penetration, at the moment of penetration, or during foreplay .
- Substance/drug-induced sexual dysfunction
It occurs when there is a problem that leads to frustration with sexual activity or performance. Medications that can cause sexual dysfunction include antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, statins, and fibrates, as well as medications used for high cholesterol, blood pressure, and substances of abuse.
- Other specified sexual dysfunction
This includes, for example, sexual aversion, which refers to an extreme and avoidant aversion to all types of sexual contact.
- Unspecified sexual dysfunction
Factors that predispose to sexual dysfunction are varied and range from restricted education, poor family relationships, access to inadequate sexual information or traumatic first sexual experiences to early insecurity in the sexual role.
If you identify with any of these sexual dysfunctions, do not hesitate to contact your primary healthcare provider to rule out any physical issues and then consult with a sexologist or sex therapist to discuss it.
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